Antonios Dreams in Bless me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya Essay

In the novel, Bless me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, a boy goes through many more experiences than any child in the hot summer days in Santa Rosa, New Mexico. He witnesses the deaths of his close friends and family. This boy expresses his emotions and grief through his dreams, only to wake up with fear and confusion in his mind. Antonio’s life is filled with dreams that foreshadow future incidents, as well as influences Antonio’s beliefs of religion and ideas of innocence. Many of Antonio’s dreams foretell future incidents. In the first dream, the night before the arrival of Ultima, Antonio is born and both sides of his family gather together for the arrival of the baby boy. The two families express their hopes and desires for the†¦show more content†¦When he lifts his hands into the air, instead of speaking to God to save his brothers, he speaks to the presence of the river. This shows that he will have some religion dilemmas between God and the Golden Ca rp. In his last dream, Antonio witnesses â€Å"Tenorio capture the night spirit of Ultima and murder it, and Ultima died in agony† (244). Soon after this dream, Tenorio kills Ultima’s owl. Antonio then understood that the owl is her living soul. Furthermore, his dreams influence his belief of religion. In one of his dreams it shows God as unforgiving and punishing. God tells Antonio that â€Å"vengeance is mine† (173). Towards the end of the dream, the Golden Carp appears as â€Å" such beautiful brilliance that he became a new sun in the heavens† (176). The Golden Carp seems much more positive than the Catholic God because of how the different God was described as in his dream. Antonio believes more of the Golden Carp rather than God because God punished people while the Golden Carp â€Å"swallows everything good and evil†¦and†¦becomes†¦a new sun to shine its good light upon the earth† (176). In the first dream, it mentions of a nother power, describing it as the presence of the river. Antonio asks to save his brothers but â€Å"†¦sparks flew when [he] spoke. It is the presence of the river† (26). This foretells that there is another greatShow MoreRelatedBless Me, Ultima Literary Analysis714 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† by Rudolfo Anaya Literary Analysis Throughout the context of â€Å"Bless Me Ultima,† it is evident that there are many motifs and examples of dichotomy. I believe that Anaya uses the previously mentioned elements of literature in order to provoke his readers’ thinking and help embody a struggle of understanding the world we live in. Motifs in this novel include: family, dreams, religion, education, and the list continues. For examples of dichotomy, the idea of good versus evil isRead MoreBless Me, Ultima Literary Analysis Essay714 Words   |  3 PagestSam Ennis Period #4 20 September 2012 â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† by Rudolfo Anaya Literary Analysis Throughout the context of â€Å"Bless Me Ultima,† it is evident that there are many motifs and examples of dichotomy. I believe that Anaya uses the previously mentioned elements of literature in order to provoke his readers’ thinking and help embody a struggle of understanding the world we live in. Motifs in this novel include: family, dreams, religion, education, and the list continues. For examplesRead MoreRudolfo Anayas Bless Me Ultima879 Words   |  4 PagesAntonio, from Bless Me, Ultima, lives stuck in a world of in-betweens, a world of borders. He must navigate this world and find his place within it, all while trying to please his parents. Tony’s surroundings and cultural background lead to this in between world and force him to pick a side before he has even began to grow up. In Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me Ultima, Antonio is constantly searching for answers about his future and the world around him; he finds these answers through his family, enviro nmentRead MoreBless Me Ultima Character Analysis708 Words   |  3 Pages In Bless Me, Ultima! Written by Rudolfo A. Anaya, the main character Antonio is greatly affected by the deaths of three characters in this novel, Lupito, Narciso, and Florence. Their deaths cause Tony to question sin, death, forgiveness, the nature of God, and spiritual identity. Lupito, a war veteran that suffers from Post-traumatic stress disorder, death triggers the questioning of moral sin and afterlife, will he be forgiven because of his sickness from war? Narciso, one of Antonios closerRead More`` Bless Me, Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya983 Words   |  4 PagesRudolfo Anaya, author of â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima†, uses countless examples of folk-lore all throughout his novel. In doing so, he gives his readers great insight to the Mexican-American culture of the 1940’s during World War II, and how different the culture is than how most people are raised. The folk-lore Anaya used most effectively throughout â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† is; the whole idea of growing up and becoming a man, beliefs of witchcraft, children losing their innocence and the characters religious beliefsRead MoreCultural, Religious and Language Conflicts in Bless Me, Ultima1732 Words   |  7 PagesCultural, religious and language conflicts in Bless Me, Ultima Bless Me, Ultima, written by Rudolfo Anaya and published in 1972, has become one of the most widely read as well as critically acclaimed novels in the Chicano literature. It is first in the trilogy of novels by Anaya, with Heart of Aztlan (1976) and Tortuga (1979) following it. This novel can be viewed from many angles as well as layers, as it intertwines issues or themes of psychological maturation, social changes, identity crisis andRead More Comparing One Hundred Years of Solitude and Bless Me Ultima Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesMagic or Reality in One Hundred Years of Solitude and Bless Me Ultima  Ã‚     Ã‚   In the South American storytelling tradition it is said that humans are possessed of a hearing that goes beyond the ordinary. This special form is the soul’s way of paying attention and learning. The story makers or cantadoras of old spun tales of mystery and symbolism in order to wake the sleeping soul. They wished to cause it to prick up its ears and listen to the wisdom contained within the telling. These ancientRead More`` Bless Me Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya1109 Words   |  5 PagesNancy Guevara Dreams are scenarios your mind creates which represents who you truly are, were and are destined to be. You re mind creates illusions that either further enhance your knowledge on what your purpose in life is or could make you fear it. Dreams are essentially part of the foundation of a persons life. Rudolfo Anaya in the novel Bless me ultima uses the concept of dreams to demonstrate the growth and the loss of innocence Antonio faces from beginning to end. The dreams Antonio has throughoutRead MoreBless Me Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1646 Words   |  7 Pages Bless Me Ultima Bless Me Ultima Author: Rudolfo Anaya LAP Topic 5 Written by : Jason Gutierrez Personal ideologies provide an aspiration for a fools paradise. That endeavor contrived a blindness that makes their perfect world, someone else’s ordeal. Individuals might convoke others for guidance to an explicit ambit to discover their own dogma. However, humanity has a type of ignorance in a sense that compels them to force their own beliefs onto others. Distinct mentalities collideRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book ​ Bless Me, Ultima ​ 1279 Words   |  6 Pagesï ¿ ¼Hempstead High School Bless Me, Ultima LAP Theresa Coleman English 12AP Mr. Amoroso September 26, 2016 ï ¿ ¼Death engenders ambivalence while questions lead to a tenuous connection with God. Death can galvanize the mind to a point of questioning that is so dangerous, it can rob from your innocence. This is true for children such as Antonio from the novel ​Bless Me Ultima ​by Rudolfo Anaya. As a child, Antonio was spoon fed a false sense of reality in which he would be a priest but death cleared his

Essay on Dirty Secrets of Globalization - 1753 Words

With globalization come injustices that are experienced in everyday living. Many people do not even know that they are experiencing the effects of globalization. On a daily basis personal experience conflicts on the ideas of the ideal beauty, unequal structures in the media and even work within harsh and unfair environments just to survive in the modern world. Slowly the world is interacting and integrating with companies, governments and people of different nations creating a globalization effect. Globalization is a continuing effect for individuals trying to live in the modern world, whereas some grasps its contents other struggle to make a living. Although many benefit from globalization and know the tricks to ensure success individuals†¦show more content†¦No one body is the same, each and every individual in the world is different from one another and rather than embracing our differences dominant culture extracts an ideal form that should be conformed to and broadcasts the image to duplicate. These same ideals is what causes women to force themselves to look a certain way by any means; some resort to anorexia, bulimia and now more popular than ever cosmetic surgery. â€Å"Of all the concerns young women face growing up in the Western world, their changing relationships with their bodies is one of the most challenging. Young women today receive a confusing range of messages about their bodies in Western culture, from the affirming to the derogatory† (Rice, 2005, p.321). At even a young age girls get confused on what is the ideal look and what is their own look. Parents tell their children that they themselves are perfect the way they are but then they get teased at school about their appearance and are also exposed to media’s representation of beauty. Now more than ever are girls and women insecure about their bodies because that’s what has been shown in the mass media and through everyday experience. Carla Rice suggests numer ous strategies to reflect cultural body ideals, first being to make connections to those who generate positive messages of the body. Second to instigate the idea ofShow MoreRelatedGlobalization s Time Is Up By James Howard Kunstler1162 Words   |  5 Pagesresiding in the state of New York. He contributed a piece to The Guardian Weekly, in 2005, entitled, â€Å"Globalization’s Time Is Up†, which acknowledges that our social infrastructure hangs by a thread, and that thread is cheap energy and global peace. Globalization, Kunstler notes, and its irresponsible consumption of linear resources, will drive humanity to war, in the race for the worlds remaining oil. His argument is a strong but there is an enthymeme left unaddressed. Business ethics, linearity and plannedRead MoreThe World is Flat -Chapters 7 8 Essay example2171 Words   |  9 Pagesmarket landscape were described by Thomas Friedman, author of The World is Flat, as triple convergence and was a result of t he ten flatteners. Friedman also stated that in â€Å"Globalization 1.0, countries had to think globally. In Globalization 2.0, companies had to think globally to thrive, or at least survive. In Globalization 3.0, individuals have to think globally to thrive, or at least survive.† (Friedman, 2007) The concept of needing individuals to think globally and thrive in the market ledRead MoreDoing The Globalism Inventory Exercise I Learned827 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. I have always been aware that many of products we as consumers purchase are made outside the United States, but I honestly did not know it would be the high amount I discovered during this project. The analysis throughout the globalization project, day by day, I was able to truly see where all the products I use come from. Something I never thought of doing until now. The results of the analysis were shocking. With the most astonishing discovery during this exercise being the amountRead MoreThe Wo rld Is Flat Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Internet Utopians who are constantly in search of free information without the associated costs. In regards to outsourcing, Friedman discusses the dirty little secret his idea of hiring foreign workers for cost considerations and because foreign workers are often more competent then their American counterparts (3). The secret is the fact that these workers are more motivated to work harder because they know they are lower down the totem pole (3). Some of Friedmans proposalsRead MorePeace As A Mandatory, A Responsibility, And A Problem Awaiting Solution1469 Words   |  6 Pagesseeks for the individual to have the better life. The question is what does it mean by ‘better life’? I would say it s the state of giving one’s opinion freely and of accepting other’s freely given opinions as valid. According to the Hobbes’ ‘dirty little secret’, in the state of nature, people become in the state of everyone against everyone. He concludes this ideology because he states that human nature is basically bad. I think, however, people can attain better life without subsidiary help, becauseRead MoreIBM Globally Integrated Enterprise Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing innovation, while enriching and changing IBM (Moss Kanter, 2009). Major Issues Many, including the public and governments, misunderstood the concept of globalization, especially in emerging markets with state owned and controlled enterprises. 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The concepts Friedman provides concerning the flattening and shrinking of the world seem to be accurately reflected in many aspects of our lives. The effects of globalization, whether positive or negative, are a daily career and personal reality most of us have to face. The world feels much smaller now. The book provides significant information about events that just happened and are happening around us every day allRead MoreThe World is flat5354 Words   |  22 Pagesbecome empowered. 2. What does Friedman mean by Globalization 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0? In the book Friedman talks about how he means that these three numbers are the specific eras in time that globalization was prevalent. Globalization 1.0 (1492 when Columbus set sail, opening trade between the â€Å"Old World† and â€Å"New World† until around 1800. This era made the world appear from a large scale to just an average medium scale. The main focus and effect of Globalization 1.0 was the competition between countries overRead MoreThe World Is Flat8659 Words   |  35 Pagespolitical thought. The Communist Manifesto was commissioned by the Communist League and published in 1848. The text incites the masses (the proletariat) to rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie. Friedman references the text’s insight into the globalization of the world. Bill Cosby Friedman invokes comedian Bill Cosby’s July 2004 speech at Jesse Jackson’s Rainbow/PUSH Coalition Citizenship Education Fund’s annual conference to discuss the importance of parenting in the flat world. Here, Cosby

Feasibility Study on Irrigation Free Essays

The locality of Managopaya, Banate is located at the western part of Visayas and lies at 4th district of the Province of Iloilo. It is bounded in between by the Municipality of Anilao when going to Iloilo City and Municipality of Barotac Viejo when going to Estancia. It has a land area of 667. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study on Irrigation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 hectares or roughly 5. 15 percent of the total land area of the Municipality of Banate. As such it is the smallest barangay in the municipal composing of five (6) sitios namely: Proper, Baclayan, Bubog, Lumboy, Pangalatkaton and Tubod. Sitio Proper serves as the center of various economic activities and site of all government owned offices or building. Extensive mountain ranges with uneven distribution of plateaus, swamps, and lowlands characterize the barangay’s topography. In terms of soil types, these ranges from loam, clay, sandy, clay loam, sandy loam, or a mixture of any of these, which are evenly distributed in the six (6) sitios of the barangay. These soil types are suitable to any kind of crop whether annual, perennial, or cash crops. TOPOGRAPIC MAP OF MANAGOPAYA SOURCE: NATIONAL IRRIGATION ADMINISTRATION (NIA) Based on the 2011 Census of Population, the Barangay of Managopaya recorded a population level of 1328. This translates to an annual average growth rate of 0. 9 percent for the period 2000-2011. Sitio Proper, being the urban area, registered the most number of people at 363, which is 27. 33 percent of the municipality’s total population. This was followed by Sitio Baclayan having a population of 298 or 22. 2 percent of the total populationl. The percentage share of the remaining four (4) barangays ranged from 11-15 percent. Consequently, in the most densely populated barangay, there were approximately four (4) people in every hectare of land while in the least densely populated area there would be roughly one (1) person in every hectare of land. Basically, the municipal population is young with more than half of its populace within the age range of 1-20 years. Out of the total municipal population, 52 percent or 690 were males while 48 percent or 633 were females. The barangay’s current working population (age 15-64) is pegged at 396. This is relatively low considering the high number of economic dependents totaling 932. The population has a total dependency ratio of 70. Most people in Managopaya are largely Ilonggo. There are approximately 1195 people or about 99 percent who speak the dialect fluently. In terms of religious affiliation, 82 percent of the populations are Roman Catholics. 1. 1. 2 Economic Development Managopaya has an agricultural area of 467 hectares, which is equivalent to 70 percent or more than half of the barangay’s total land area. Farming is the main source of income owing to the barangay’s basic agricultural features. There is only few banking institution in the area that offers to the demands of the business sector, as well as the needs of the farmers and government employees. It provides agricultural loans to farmers but only a few can avail due to stringent lending requirements and high interest rates. Fruits and other farm products of excellent quality are usually sold to Iloilo City or Passi City because of the high price these commodities command. Residents of Managopaya merely contain themselves with products of inferior quality for their daily consumption requirements. Local traders supplement and assume the role of lending institutions by providing cash advance to small farmers and sugarcane folks during emergencies. The â€Å"suki† system is the most prevalent method of conducting business where local trader’s acts as financiers and at the same time control the price of fish, livestock and other farm products. The absence of larger scale establishments further complicate the worsening situation because residents still have to go to Iloilo City to purchase product which are not available in Banate or in Passi City. This means additional burden to the poor especially now that the transportation cost is high. 1. 1. 3Social Development There is only one (1) public elementary school. Health services are provided by the Barangay Health Center located in the Proper. It is visited every 2-3 months by a doctor, a nurse, a dentist, a dental aid, and midwife. The barangay’s leading causes of mortality from 2000 to 2011 are cardio-vascular diseases, hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis, and bronchopneumonia. On the other hand, the leading causes of morbidity are acute respiratory infection, diarrhea, and pulmonary tuberculosis. The barangay’s crude birth rate is 17. 5 per 1,000 populations and its crude death rate is 3. 3 per 1,000 populations. Its infant mortality rate is 7. 22 per 1,000 populations while maternal mortality rate is 1. 8 per 1,000 populations. Based on the 2012 survey on population, there are 285 total of households and 298 total of families. The construction materials used for outer walls of these dwelling units are mostly indigenous products like bamboo, sawali, cogon, and nipa. However, there are also some units that make use of sturdy materials like concrete, brick stones, galvanized iron, aluminum, and hard wood. . 2 THE PROPOSED UPLAND IRRIGATION THAT COMES FROM WATERFALLS OF MANAGOPAYA, BANATE, ILOILO Managopaya is largely an upland barangay and majority of its people source their income from their upland agriculture activities. Cognizant of this and the fact that the uplands’ soil fertility is deteriorating due to denudation and prolonged dry spell, the LGU’s priority development agenda is to reverse the situation in the near future. The LGU, at the moment, is fortunate to be part of the foreign-assisted Upland Development Program (UDP). However, due to limited financial resources, upland development activities are also limited. The LGU, thus, would like to harness its potential sources of water to provide farmers the necessary water requirements for their high value crops and be lured to expand their production. This would, at the same time, address the problem of low income of farmers which is a result of low production of crops. Thus, this feasibility study is being prepared for the development of two (2) major potential sources of water for irrigation purposes. Among the barangay’s development strategies is to recover the financial investments for it to be able to replicate the same project or to finance other development projects of the municipality. The LGU also recognizes the fact that, in order for this project to succeed, there is a need to put in place support facilities/activities like a nursery for planting materials, a â€Å"bagsakan† center for marketing support, and training to farmers on high-value crops production. In the case of planting materials for high-value crops, the LGU plans to provide these to farmers on a â€Å"plant-now-pay later scheme. How to cite Feasibility Study on Irrigation, Papers

Organizational Development for Technological - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Developmentfor Technological or Structural. Answer: Identification Problems in the Organization The problems in the organization are a blend of primary culture, technological or structural. The case study talks about the implementation of technology in the project to make the services more effective for the customers. The company who is willing to implement the changes related to the technology is a publicly owned company. The change in the new information technology will result in the changes in the work processes and practice. In the organization, there are approximately 500 employees. The average age of the employees in the organization is 48 years. The level of education of the employees consist of 10% holds PG degree, 25% are graduated and 60% have upper secondary education and rest 5% completed 6-year basic education. The culture differences in the organization lead to the problem. The employees who are PG might expect that they will get the promotion. Though, due to the company's structure, they face the discrimination. Employees of the company also feel that they are no t valued in the organization. The structure of the organization is rigid. The promotion of the employees is based on the seniority and the years of service. The major sources of resistance to change in the organization In the case study, it is clearly visible that there are many reasons due to which employees of the organization resist the change.[1] Technology change will create problems for the employees who didnt perform well in the organization. Technology will enable performance management and goal setting in the organization. There are many employees in the organization that did not perform well in the organization and later they gave justification for their behavior by blaming other departments for the delay and inefficiencies.[2] With the emergence of the new technology company can easily check the employee's performance. This will become problems of the employees who didn't perform well. The new system might create stress and confusion for the employees in the organizations. There are some employees in the organization who knows the benefits of the new system. Though, they were unwilling to start it due to lack of confidence. The employees were not able to understand the idea behind the usage of the technology.[3] The senior employees in the organization were afraid of losing the face in front of the younger employees who were friendlier with the use of technology. The role of the union in the organization didn't smooth the implementation process. The union team decided to step against the changes taking place in the organization. Union also started an argument on the extra allowance from the company. They said that there might be some of the benefits of the technology but employees should be rewarded for the extra amount for the use of the technology. [4]The amount should be added to their salary. This was the chance for the employees to bring the rise in the amount of the salary. On this argument, the top management stated that it is not possible to increase the salary. For the company, the change management was an expensive deal. Lack of trust among the management and the employees. The company was characterized by the poor change history. Previously, the organization tried to bring an expensive consultant to implement the sequence of improvement in the company. At that time the management of the company got replaced and the new management wants to bring new changes. These results in no change in the system at that time and majority of people didn't believe in change. This leads to lack of trust among the managers and the employees. [5] The above paragraph talks about the reasons for the resistance to the employees in the organization. The organization should take some of the strategies to deal with the resistance. Strategies to deal with the Resistance by the Employees The organization should try to implement some of the strategies to deal with the resistance in the organization by the employees. [6]I believe that these strategies will help the organization in dealing with the employees. Communicating the Benefits of the Technology to the Employees Communication among the top management and the employees is must in the organization. The company should try to communicate the benefits of implementing the new technology in the organization. Technology is not only beneficial for the company's working but also for the personal development. The employees will get to know about the technologies, they will be able to keep themselves updated. Implementation of new technology in the organization will increase the productivity and efficiency of the company.[7] This will enhance the customer satisfaction which results in a decrease in the daily arguments among the customers and employees. Proper Training Facilities In the case study, the top level management of the company decided not to increase the budgets of the training and decided to perform the on-job training. Over here, the management needs to understand the requirement of the employees along with the reason for the resistance. Considering that the organization should try to increase the budget for the training of the employees. Training of the employees will make it easy for the employees to adopt the changes taking place in the organization.[8] Timing of the Changes The organization should make sure that the timings for bringing the change should be perfect. Basically, if company talks to bring huge changes in the company than the top management might face resistance from the employees.[9] The company should try to bring changes gradually in the organization. The employees of the organization become used to the changes. The employees will be able to adapt the changes more easily. Role of Leadership in the Case Study Supervisor or the leader plays a vital role in the organization. In the case study, the decision taken by the top management was communicated first to the supervisor of the company. The supervisor further communicates the decision to the employees.[10] The way the information is communicated by the supervisor to the employees matters a lot. Once the leader understands the situation he can give feedbacks and suggestion to the top management. In this case, due to lack of education and seniority level, the supervisors were not friendly with the new systems. In some of the departments, the younger employees of the organization need to show their superiors how to use the new systems. The superior and older employees don't feel comfortable in asking a question if they find any problem. The leader in the organization tries to pay overtime to those employees who want to work after the shift time. Though, union prevented a majority of people to take participation. The leader in this situation needs to understand that the development of the organization is a must. The role of the leader is to make the employees understand that these changes will bring development and new opportunities for the business. [11]Though, in the case study the leaders are not aware of the use of the technology though they can encourage the active participation of the employees. Leaders should ask the question if they find any problem. This will enhance the participation of the employees in the changes. Summary of the Key Problems The case study talks about the changes taking place in the public owned company. The organization is willing to bring new technology. The case talks about the resistance to the change. There are some of the problems faced by the top management. The employees of the company don't want to adopt the changes related to the technology. Over here, the manager should make the employees understand the importance of technology. The structure of the organization is rigid and promotion is based on age and experience. The organization should check the eligibility, skills, and capabilities of the employees and according to that organization should give promotions. The level of education is diversified in the organization. These are some of the key problems that occur in the organization. The union asked for the extra allowance from the company for using the technology. Later this became one of the problems with the management as they were not able to pay the extra amount to the employees for usin g the technology. Role of Organizational Development Organisation development is the study of successful organizational change and performance. The aim of the organization development is to enhance responses of an organization to adapt market changes and technological advances.[12] The development of the technology across the world enforces company to adopt technology in their business as well. These changes in the organization lead to increase the convenience in the work. At the same time, these changes could bring the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Organisation development enhances the communication among the employees in the organization. A continuous improvement in the organization makes the employees interact or share the views. This will make the employees more familiar with the changes. The development will lead to product and service enhancement. [13]Employee engagement in the organization will increase the creativity and innovation. Product innovation takes place by using the market research, customer expectations, competitive analysis etc. Product innovation will help the organization in increasing the profit of the company. Profit of the company will rise once the organization will be able to work with efficiency and effectiveness. This shows that the organization development could help in bringing the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization.[14] References Allen, David. Getting things done: The art of stress-free productivity. Penguin, 2015. Bridges, William, and Susan Bridges. Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press, 2017. Burke, W. Warner, and Debra A. Noumair. Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press, 2015. Burke, W. Warner. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications, 2017. Cornelissen, Joep, and Joep P. Cornelissen. Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage, 2017. Cummings, Thomas G., and Christopher G. Worley. Organization development and change. Cengage learning, 2014. Katzenbach, Jon R., and Douglas K. Smith. The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press, 2015. Kuipers, Ben S., Malcolm Higgs, Walter Kickert, Lars Tummers, Jolien Grandia, and Joris Van der Voet. "The management of change in public organizations: A literature review." Public Administration 92, no. 1 (2014): 1-20. Nicholas, John M., and Herman Steyn. Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis, 2017. Northouse, Peter G. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications, 2015. Shin, Yuhyung, Sun Young Sung, Jin Nam Choi, and Min Soo Kim. "Top management ethical leadership and firm performance: Mediating role of ethical and procedural justice climate." Journal of Business Ethics 129, no. 1 (2015): 43-57. Smither, Robert, John Houston, and Sandra McIntire. Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge, 2016. Waddell, Dianne, Andrew Creed, Thomas G. Cummings, and Christopher Worley. Organisational change: Development and transformation. Cengage Learning, 2013. Wang, Dan-Shang, and Chia-Chun Hsieh. "The effect of authentic leadership on employee trust and employee engagement." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 41, no. 4 (2013): 613-624.